Screening Tests for Complications

The earliest manifestation of kidney damage is microalbuminuria, in which tiny amounts (30 to 300 mg per day) of protein called albumin are found in the urine. Microalbuminuria is also marker for other complications involving blood vessel abnormalities. (Contrary to previous reports, microalbuminuria does not appear to be an indicator of heart disease.)

A blood test that indicates elevated levels of a substance called metalloproteinase-9 may be an even earlier predictor for kidney damage, allowing early intervention to prevent complications. All patients should be tested for hypertension. Tests for cholesterol and lipid levels, an electrocardiogram, and possibly thyroid function tests should be performed.

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